Benefícios do exercício físico na hipertensão arterial sistêmica
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As doenças cardiovasculares constituem a maior causa de mortalidade no mundo ocidental, sendo a hipertensão arterial, mesmo leve ou moderada, grande contribuinte para a morbimortalidade. O tratamento da hipertensão arterial apresenta limitações, representadas pela falta de adesão como conseqüência de diversos fatores, como: custo financeiro, efeitos colaterais dos fármacos em um paciente previamente assintomático, falta de uma explicação adequada por parte do médico no que diz respeito às conseqüências da descontinuidade do tratamento, baixo nível sociocultural e diversos outros. O sedentarismo é um importante fator de risco, interferindo de modo direto na morbimortalidade das doenças cardiovasculares, e indireto, devido ao seu grande papel no desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica e, portanto, na hipertensão arterial e suas conseqüências. Dessa forma, é de grande importância no arsenal terapêutico, proceder à implementação de modificações do estilo de vida, de preferência em forma multidisciplinar, particularmente em hipertensos menos graves. As atividades físicas de todos os tipos devem ser recomendadas em todos os casos, sendo este protocolo fundamentado em numerosos trabalhos sistemáticos e de metanálise, que oferecem amplo respaldo científico a este proceder. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar o papel do exercício físico no tratamento não farmacológico da hipertensão arterial.
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