A função do sistema purinégico na modulação neural da pressão arterial

Conteúdo do artigo principal

João Paulo de Pontes Matsumoto
Merari de Fátima Ramires Ferrari
Monica Akemi Sato
Cristiana Akemi Ogihara
Luiz Carlos de Abreu

Resumo

Introdução: A adenosina e o ATP são substâncias encontradas em abundância nas áreas de controle da pressão arterial. Muitos estudos foram realizados com o propósito de elucidar a função desse sistema nos núcleos do tracto solitário, que constitui o primeiro sítio de integração das aferências do sistema cardiovascular. Objetivo: Descrever os mecanismos e sítios de ação da adenosina e ATP nos núcleos do tracto solitário (NTS) e as diferentes respostas geradas em função de sua estimulação. Métodos: revisão bibliográfica entre os anos de 2006 e 2007 através do portal Medline/Pubmed (via OVID), delimitada em estudos datados entre 1976 e 2006. Resultados e Discussão: Muitos estudos indicam que o ATP atua via receptores purinérgicos P2x no NTS, causando bradicardia via inibição do simpático e estimulação do parassimpático em locais específicos. A adenosina estimula principalmente os receptores A2a e produz preferencialmente vasodilatação nos membros posteriores por meio da ativação da medula adrenal e vasodilatação β-adrenérgica provocando diminuição da pressão arterial. A adenosina e o ATP atuam no NTS como neurotransmissores de ativação rápida, de neuromoduladores e de co-transmissores ligados à liberação do glutamato oriundo das aferências vagais, predominantemente causando hipotensão. Conclusão: O sistema purinérgico atua no NTS ocasionando bradicardia via modulação dos sistemas simpático e parassimpático.

Downloads

Não há dados estatísticos.

Detalhes do artigo

Seção
Artigos

Referências

Dampney RAL. Functional organization of central pathways regulating the cardiovascular system. Physiol Rev 1994;74:323-64.

Gordon FJ, Sved AF. Neurotransmitters in central cardiovascular regulation: glutamate and GABA. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2002;29(5-6):522-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03666.x

Talman WT, Perrone MH, Reis DJ. Evidence for L-glutamate as the neurotransmitter of baroreceptor afferent nerve fibers. Science 1980;209(4458):813-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6105709

Lawrence AJ, Jarrott B. Neurochemical modulation of cardiovascular control in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Prog Neurobiol 1996;48(1):21-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0082(95)00034-8

Ralevic V, Burnstock G. Receptors for purines and pyrimidines. Pharmacol Rev 1998;50(3):413-92.

Barraco RA, O'Leary DS, Scislo TJ. Activation of purinergic receptor subtypes in the nucleus tractus solitarius elicits specific regional vascular response patterns. J Auton Nerv Syst 1996;59(3):113-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1838(96)00014-8

Bo X, Burnstock G. Distribution of [3H]alpha,beta-methylene ATP binding sites in rat brain and spinal cord. Neuroreport 1994;5(13):1601-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199408150-00015

Burnstock G. Purinergic mechanisms. Ann NY Acad Sci 1990;603:1-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb37657.x

De Paula PM, Antunes VR, Bonagamba LG, Machado BH. Cardiovascular responses to microinjection of ATP into the nucleus tractus solitarii of awake rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;287(5):R1164-71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00722.2003

Ergene E, Dunbar JC, O'Leary DS, Barraco RA. Activation of P2-purinoceptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius mediate depressor responses. Neurosci Lett 1994;174(2):188-92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)90018-3

Jin YH, Bailey TW, Li BY, Schild JH, Andresen MC. Purinergic and vanilloid receptor activation releases glutamate from separate cranial afferent terminals in nucleus tractus solitarius. J Neurosci 2004;24(20):4709-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0753-04.2004

Paton JF, De Paula PM, Spyer KM, Machado BH, Boscan P. Sensory afferent selective role of P2 receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarii for mediating the cardiac component of the peripheral chemoreceptor reflex in rats. J Physiol 2002;543(Pt 3):995-1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2002.021923

Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. Differential role of ionotropic glutamatergic mechanisms in responses to NTS P(2x) and A2a receptor stimulation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;278(6): H2057-68.

Vizi ES, Liang SD, Sperlagh B, Kittel A, Juranyi Z. Studies on the release and extracellular metabolism of endogenous ATP in rat superior cervical ganglion: support for neurotransmitter role of ATP. Neuroscience 1997;79(3):893-903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00658-6

Scislo TJ, Ergene E, Scislo TJ. Impaired arterial baroreflex regulation of heart rate after blockade of P2-purinoceptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius. Brain Res Bull 1998;47(1):63-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0361-9230(98)00066-5

Sebastiao AM, Ribeiro JA. Adenosine A2 receptor-mediated excitatory actions on the nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 1996;48(3):167-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0082(95)00035-6

Barraco RA, Phillis JW. Subtypes of adenosine receptors in the brainstem mediate opposite blood pressure responses. Neuropharmacology 1991;30(4):403-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(91)90067-L

Abdel-Rahman AA, Tao S. Differential alteration of neuronal and cardiovascular responses to adenosine microinjected into the nucleus tractus solitarius of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 1996;27(4):939-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.27.4.939

Castillo-Melendez M, Krstew E, Lawrance AJ, Jarrott B. Presynaptic adenosine A2a receptors on soma and central terminals of rat vagal afferent neurons. Brain Res 1994;652(1):137-44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(94)90327-1

Mosqueda-Garcia R, Tseng CJ, Appalsamy M, Beck C, Robertson D. Cardiovascular excitatory effects of adenosine in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Hypertension 1991;18(4):494-502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.HYP.18.4.494

Phillis JW, Scislo TJ, Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. Purines and the nucleus tractus solitarius: effects on cardiovascular and respiratory function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1997;24(9-10):738-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1997.tb02124.x

Robertson SJ, Ennion SJ, Evans RJE, Edwards FA. Synaptic P2x receptors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2001;11(3):378-86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4388(00)00222-1

Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. Differential control of renal vs. adrenal sympathetic nerve activity by NTS A2a and P2x purinoceptors. Am J Physiol 1998;275(6 Pt 2):H2130-9.

Scislo TJ, Kitchen AM, Augustyniak RS, O'Leary DS. Differential patterns of sympathetic responses to selective stimulation of nucleus tractus solitarius purinergic receptor subtypes. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2001;28(1-2):120-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1681.2001.03404.x

Tao S, Abdel-Rahman AA. Neuronal and cardiovascular responses to adenosine microinjection into the nucleus tractus solitarius. Brain Res Bull 1993;32(4):407-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(93)90208-S

Burnstock G. Do some nerve cells release more than one transmitter? Neuroscience 1976;1(4):239-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4522(76)90054-3

North RA, Barnard EA. Nucleotide receptors. Curr Opin Neurobiol 1997;7(3):346-57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0959-4388(97)80062-1

Ueno S, Harata N, Inoue K, Akaike N. ATP-gated current in dissociated rat nucleus solitarii neurons. J Neurophysiol 1992;68(3):778-85.

Yao ST, Barden JA, Lawrance AJ. On the immunohistochemical distribution of ionotropic P2x receptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. Neuroscience 2001;108(4):673-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00438-9

Kitchen AM, O'Leary DS, Scislo TJ. Sympathetic and parasympathetic component of bradycardia triggered by stimulation of NTS P2x receptors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006;290(2):H807-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00889.2005

Barraco RA, El-Ridi MR, Ergene E, Phillis JW. Adenosine receptor subtypes in the brainstem mediate distinct cardiovascular response patterns. Brain Res Bull 1991;26(1):59-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0361-9230(91)90192-M

Scislo TJ, Augustyniak RA, O'Leary DS. Differential arterial baroreflex regulation of renal, lumbar, and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in the rat. Am J Physiol 1998;275(4 Pt 2):R995-R1002.

Scislo TJ, Augustyniak RA, Barraco RA, Woodburry DJ, O'Leary DS. Activation of P2x-purinoceptors in the nucleus tractus solitarius elicits differential inhibition of lumbar and renal sympathetic nerve activity. J Auton Nerv Syst 1997;62(1-2):103-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0165-1838(96)00116-6

Kitchen AM, Collins HL, Stephen ED, Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. Mechanisms mediating NTS P2x receptor-evoked hypotension: cardiac output vs. total peripheral resistance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;281(5):H2198-203.

McClure JM, O'Leary DS, Scislo TJ. Stimulation of NTS A1 adenosine receptors evokes counteracting effects on hindlimb vasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;289(6):H2536-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00723.2005

Kitchen AM, Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. NTS A2a purinoceptor activation elicits hindlimb vasodilation primarily via a beta-adrenergic mechanism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2000;278(6):H1775-82.

Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. Vasopressin V1 receptors contribute to hemodynamic and sympathoinhibitory responses evoked by stimulation of adenosine A2a receptors in NTS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006;290(5):H1889-98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01030.2005

Carrettiero DC, Fior-Chadi DR. Adenosine A1 receptor distribution in nucleus tractus solitarii of normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Neural Transm 2004;111:465-73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-003-0104-9

Kitchen AM, Collins HL, DiCarlo SE, Scislo TJ, O'Leary DS. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001;281:H2198-203.