Hipertensão arterial sistêmica: atualidades sobre sua epidemiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Thiago Domingos Corrêa
José Jorge Namura
Camila Atallah Pontes da Silva
Melina Gouveia Castro
Adriano Meneghini
Celso Ferreira

Resumo

A hipertensão arterial sistêmica é uma doença crônica com alta prevalência na população brasileira e mundial, com elevado custo econômico-social, principalmente em decorrência das suas complicações. Estima-se que exista cerca de 1 bilhão de indivíduos hipertensos no mundo, sendo a hipertensão arterial responsável por aproximadamente 7,1 milhões de óbitos por ano. Dando ênfase ao seu controle e tratamento precoces, a classificação da hipertensão arterial foi recentemente modificada pelo Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. A adoção de hábitos de vida saudáveis por todas as pessoas é essencial para a prevenção da hipertensão arterial, sendo indispensável como parte do tratamento para indivíduos hipertensos. A droga de escolha para a maioria dos pacientes portadores de hipertensão arterial primária é um diurético tiazídico. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados eletrônicos sobre o tema estudado em março de 2005. Das publicações encontradas, foram utilizadas as que apresentavam os maiores níveis de evidência. Devido a notável prevalência da hipertensão arterial em nosso meio e da necessidade de uma abordagem correta desses pacientes pelos profissionais de saúde, tivemos como objetivo sistematizar o conhecimento atual sobre aspectos epidemiológicos, diagnósticos e terapêuticos da hipertensão arterial.

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