Tecnologia aplicada na detecção de marcadores tumorais

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Leandro Luongo de Matos
Leandro Neves Machado
Maurício Morita Sugiyama
Roberta Machado Bozzetti
Maria Aparecida da Silva Pinhal

Resumo

A detecção de marcadores tumorais é de fundamental importância para o diagnóstico do estágio das neoplasias, assim como a presença de metástases e na decisão do tratamento a ser utilizado, bem como terapias adjuvantes. O objetivo deste trabalho é debater sobre alguns dos marcadores mais utilizados no diagnóstico do câncer além de discutir as técnicas usadas na sua detecção. Pode-se utilizar muito da tecnologia que a biologia molecular dispõe para a identificação e amplificação de determinado gene, pois muitos marcadores tumorais apresentam aumento da expressão por amplificação gênica, como é o caso do c-erb-B2. A identificação desses marcadores é realizada através de técnicas de RT-PCR, de imunoistoquímica, de hibridização e a de hibridização in situ. A hibridização para detecção de DNA, RNA ou proteínas é denominada respectivamente Southern blot, Northern blot e Western blot. Dado o grande número de marcadores tumorais conhecidos e as diferentes formas de detecção de cada um, é essencial que protocolos sejam padronizados internacionalmente para que tais marcadores sejam avaliados de uma maneira única.

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