Resposta imunológica na Síndrome Respiratória Aguda induzida pelo novo coronavírus

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Waldemar de Paula Júnior
Carina Silva de Freitas
Francisco Ferreira de Lima Neto
Nathália Alves Santana
Nathália Zenaide Durães Soares
Vitória Louise Mendes Fonseca
Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento
Andrea Grabe-Guimarães

Resumo

Os coronavírus (CoVs) pertencem à família Coronaviridae, são envelopados com genoma de RNA (Ácido Ribonucleico) de fita simples e de sentido positivo. O novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) é o sétimo coronavírus conhecido com capacidade de infectar seres humanos e pode provocar doença grave, como a síndrome respiratória aguda. Os coronavírus já identificados contribuíram para o entendimento das manifestações clínicas causadas pelo SARS-CoV-2, bem como suas correlações com o sistema imune. O presente trabalho teve o propósito de realizar uma revisão narrativa de literatura sobre a resposta imune do hospedeiro à infecção pelo novo coronavírus. A revisão contém informações básicas e resumidas dos principais mecanismos envolvidos na resposta imune ao SARS-CoV-2. Foram consideradas as características da infecção desde o contato inicial com o hospedeiro, por meio da ligação da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina 2 (ECA2), o reconhecimento do patógeno pelas células da imunidade inata, seus mecanismos de contenção, incluindo a produção de citocinas efetoras e quimiocinas importantes no desenvolvimento do processo inflamatório, a participação do sistema complemento até a ativação da resposta imune adaptativa. Foram abordados também a provável ocorrência de uma resposta imune disfuncional do hospedeiro e os mecanismos de escape do vírus. Apesar dos inúmeros trabalhos sobre a patogenia da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2, o conhecimento sobre a resposta imune do hospedeiro na COVID-19 não está totalmente esclarecido. O presente trabalho estabeleceu as relações do novo coronavírus com o sistema imunológico, entretanto, mais estudos ainda são necessários para que todos os mecanismos do processo sejam elucidados.

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Como Citar
Paula Júnior, W. de, Freitas, C. S. de, Lima Neto, F. F. de, Santana, N. A., Soares, N. Z. D., Fonseca, V. L. M., Nascimento, R. C. R. M. do, & Grabe-Guimarães, A. (2021). Resposta imunológica na Síndrome Respiratória Aguda induzida pelo novo coronavírus. ABCS Health Sciences, 46, e021306. https://doi.org/10.7322/abcshs.2020256.1704
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Artigos de Revisão

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