A perda de olfato e paladar a longo prazo em pacientes com COVID-19 – uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise
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Introdução: Sintomas olfativos foram relatados como específicos em pacientes com COVID-19. Objetivo: Sintetizar e analisar as evidências existentes sobre o monitoramento da perda de olfato e paladar em pacientes com COVID-19 e por quanto tempo os sintomas persistem. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Science Direct e Web of Science. Esta revisão sistemática e metanálise foi realizada de acordo com o PRISMA, e o risco de viés foi avaliado por meio da Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa. O protocolo de revisão está registrado no PROSPERO. Resultados: Nossa revisão sistemática incluiu dados de 14 artigos com um total de 2143 participantes. O sintoma sensorial mais comumente relatado de COVID-19 foi anosmia, detectado em 1.499 pacientes, sendo o único sintoma a aparecer em todos os estudos. Ageusia foi detectada em 595 pacientes, disgeusia em 514 pacientes e hiposmia em 209 pacientes. Os estudos forneceram o número de 729 pacientes com sintomas sensoriais por 15 dias durante a infecção aguda por COVID-19 e 1020 pacientes com sintomas sensoriais duradouros, apresentando disfunções sensoriais após o período latente médio de 15 dias da infecção aguda por COVID-19. Conclusão: Evidências apontam a perda ou disfunção do paladar e olfato como um dos sintomas da COVID-19 persistindo por um tempo médio de 15 dias, com 44% dos pacientes com COVID-19 com sintomas persistentes por mais de 15 dias. No entanto, a maioria dos estudos não realiza acompanhamento desses pacientes. Portanto, mais pesquisas sobre sintomas sensoriais e seu acompanhamento são necessárias.
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